Each year, millions of individuals around the globe suffer from knee pain, impairments, and injuries. As such, it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of the various knee tests that orthopedic doctors may employ to accurately assess the patient’s condition. In this article, we will discuss some common knee tests one may encounter during an orthopedic examination.
1. The Lachman Test
The Lachman test is a passive knee test that evaluates the ligamentous stability of the knee joint. It can be used to diagnose anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears or instability. To perform the test, the physician will place one hand on the patient’s thigh and the other on their shin. Then, they will apply a gentle anterior force to the tibia while stabilizing the femur with their other hand.
The doctor will note the amount of displacement, if any. And in case the Lachman test is positive, knowing when it’s the best time to have knee replacement surgery can be helpful as well. Remember, the earlier you get any knee injury treated, the better the outcome of your surgery will be.
2. The McMurray Test
This test is used to assess for damage to the medial and lateral menisci of the knee joint. The orthopedic doctor flexes the knee while applying a compression force and rotation to the joint. A positive McMurray test is indicated by a clicking or popping sound coupled with pain or discomfort. This test is particularly valuable when assessing patients with suspected meniscal injuries and tears.
3. Patellar Apprehension Test
This test is used to determine the degree of patellar instability in patients. The doctor will ask the patient to bend their knee and hold it in full flexion while they apply gentle lateral pressure to the patella. If the patient experiences apprehension, then there is an indication that the patella is unstable. Treatment for this can include physical therapy, bracing, or surgery.
4. The Pivot Shift Test
The pivot shift test is employed to assess the ACL’s integrity and diagnose rotational instability in the knee joint. To perform this test, the orthopedic doctor flexes the patient’s knee to between 30 and 90 degrees and then applies an external rotational force. A positive pivot shift test occurs when the tibia rotates rapidly and internally as the knee moves from flexion to extension.
5. The Drawer Test (Anterior & Posterior)
The drawer test is used to evaluate the integrity of both the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments. To perform the anterior drawer test, the doctor will grasp the patient’s heel and ankle while applying a steady anterior force to the tibia.
If there is an excessive displacement of the tibia relative to the femur, then it suggests that the ACL is torn. For the posterior drawer test, the same technique is used but with a posterior force. A positive result indicates a tear or laxity of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
To Wrap Up
Knee tests are essential components of orthopedic physical examinations. As such, it is critical for physicians to have a thorough understanding of the various tests used to evaluate the knee joint. Furthermore, if you are experiencing knee pain or impairment, it is important to consult an experienced orthopedic doctor in Baltimore to discuss the best treatment options for you. With the help of a medical professional, you can find relief from knee pain and get back to living life as usual. So don’t hesitate to reach out for help when needed. Thank you for reading!